Brussels, 19 December 2025: The intention of the European Commission to address the risk of carbon leakage related to exported goods covered under the CBAM is a positive step forward. However, we stress the urgent need for such a mechanism to be robust, workable and WTO- defendable, to prevent carbon leakage in global markets and safeguard the competitiveness of EU industry, prior to any consideration of extending CBAM to refinery products.