The new European platform for replacement reserves has been launched on 6 January by Transmission System Operators (TSOs) from eight countries: Czech Republic (ČEPS a.s), United Kingdom (National Grid ESO), Poland (Polskie Sieci Elektroenergetyczne S.A.), Spain (Red Eléctrica de España S.A.U.), Portugal (REN – Rede Eléctrica Nacional, S.A), France (Réseau de Transport d’Electricité), Switzerland (Swissgrid AG) and Italy (Terna-Rete Elettrica Nazionale SpA).